Historical aspects and current status of the application of DRT in Ukraine and the World
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2023.01.102Keywords:
assisted reproductive technologies, legal regulation of ART, historical aspects of legal regulation of ART, discoveries in the field of medicine, latest achievements in the field of reproductionAbstract
Nowadays, more and more scientific discussions arise in the field of legal, medical and moral aspects of the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The latest discoveries in the field of medicine have a significant impact on the idea of the legal status and life of a person. In particular, a person's right to reproductive health is part of the right to health care and personal non-property rights.
Currently, the issue of legal regulation of human reproduction is gaining special relevance. Evidence of this is the appearance of the concept of "reproductive rights" in international documents and scientific literature. This issue is of primary importance today in the world and in Ukraine, because, as is known, in recent years there has been a trend towards a decrease in the population, an increase in mortality (caused by epidemics, wars, natural disasters, etc.) and a decrease in the birth rate.
The main purpose of a person's reproductive rights is to ensure the possibility of his reproduction. After all, this property is an important characteristic of a person's right to life. This is confirmed by the fact that reproduction affects the quality of human life and the possibility of procreation. Unfortunately, today the legislator does not give definitions of human reproductive rights and does not disclose their specific features.
Postmortem reproduction (conception and birth) of a child already after the death of one or both parents is not a fantasy in our time, but the result of the use of DRT. Therefore, the legal and bioethical problems of the use of DRT are the subject of lively discussions among scientists and medical professionals and require proper legal regulation both in Ukraine and in many countries of the world.
The purpose of the article is to find out the historical prerequisites and the current state of the use of DRT in Ukraine and the world, the peculiarities and problems of legal regulation of this issue, and ways to solve them.
References
Riabenko, O. V. (2015). Pravo fizychnoi osoby na reproduktsiiu (vidtvorennia): poniattia ta istoryko-pravovi aspekty stanovlennia [The right of an individual to reproduction (reproduction): concepts and historical and legal aspects of formation]. Naukovyi visnyk Uzhhorodskoho natsionalnoho universytetu - Scientific Bulletin of the Uzhhorod National University, 30 (1), 148-151. Retrieved from http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/nvuzhpr_2015_30%281%29__38 [in Ukrainian]
Riabenko, O.P. (2006). Profilaktyka uskladnen vahitnosti ta perynatalnoi patolohii u zhinok pislia ekstrakorporalnoho zaplidnennia i reduktsii embrioniv: avtoref. dys. ... kand. med. Nauk : 14.01.01 / O.P. Riabenko [Prevention of pregnancy complications and perinatal pathology in women after in vitro fertilization and embryo reduction: autoref. thesis ... candidate honey. Sciences: 14.01.01 / O.P. Ryabenko] Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Medical Academy of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2006, 20. [in Ukrainian].
EKO: yak tse pratsiuie? (2014) [IVF: how does it work?] Retrieved from: https://www.moirebenok.ua/uk/pregnancy-and-birth/planning-pregnancy-and-birth/eko-kak-eto-rabotaet/ [in Ukrainian].
Hryshchenko, V.Y. (1998). Vlyianye faktorov nyzkotemperaturnoho konservyrovanyia na reproduktyvnye, embryonalnye y fetalnye kletky / V.Y. Hryshchenko, H.H. Yurchenko [Influence of factors of low-temperature preservation on reproductive, embryonic and fetal cells / V.I. Hryshchenko, H.G. Yurchenko]. Problemy kryobyolohyy. - Problems of cryobiology, 4, 8-9. [ in Russian].
Stefanchuk, R.O. (2008). Osobysti nemainovi prava fizychnykh osib (poniattia, zmist, systema, osoblyvosti zdiisnennia ta zakhystu): monohrafiia / vidp. red. Ya.M. Shevchenko [Personal non-property rights of natural persons (concept, content, system, features of implementation and protection): monograph / resp. ed. Y.M. Shevchenko.]. Kyiv: KNT, 626. [in Ukrainian].
Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku zastosuvannia dopomizhnykh reproduktyvnykh tekhnolohii v Ukraini: Nakaz MOZ vid 09.09.2013 № 787 [On the approval of the Procedure for the use of assisted reproductive technologies in Ukraine: Order of the Ministry of Health dated 09.09.2013 № 787]. Retrieved from https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z1697-13#Text [in Ukrainian].
Belo, L. Yu. (2020). Suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku pravovoho rehuliuvannia vykorystannia dopomizhnykh reproduktyvnykh tekhnolohii [Current state and prospects for the development of legal regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies.]. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk - Carpathian Legal Gazette, № 2(31). Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.32837/pyuv.v0i2(31).558 [in Ukrainian].
Holovashchuk, A.P. (2013). Pravove rehuliuvannia dopomizhnykh reproduktyvnykh tekhnolohii [Legal regulation of assisted reproductive technologies]. Chasopys Kyivskoho universytetu prava. - Journal of the Kyiv University of Law, 2, 189-191. [in Ukrainian].
Doklad Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsyy po narodonaselenyiu y razvytyiu (1995) [Report of the International Conference on Population and Development]. Cairo, September 5-13, 1994. New Yor Reproduktyvni prava fizychnoi osoby v systemi osobystykh nemainovykh prav [Reproductive rights of an individual in the system of personal non-property rights]. Vcheni zapysky Tavriiskoho natsionalnoho universytetu imeni V.I. Vernadskoho. Seriia «Iurydychni nauky».- Scholarly notes of V. I. Vernadsky Tavri National University. Series "Legal Sciences", 25 (64), 2, 136-141. [in Ukrainian].
Tsyvilnyi kodeks Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 16 sichnia 2003 r. №435-IV. [Civil Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine dated January 16, 2003 №435-IV]. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/435-15#Text [in Ukrainian].
Yuzko, O.M. (2015). Stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku dopomizhnykh reproduktyvnykh tekhnolohii likuvanni bezpliddia v Ukraini [Status and prospects of the development of auxiliary reproductive technologies for the treatment of infertility in Ukraine]. Zhinochyi likar - Female doctor, 5, 17-20. [in Ukrainian].
Puhach, D.O. (2015). Suchasnyi stan pravovoho rehuliuvannia dopomizhnykh reproduktyvnykh tekhnolohii [Current state of legal regulation of assisted reproductive technologies]. Prykarpatskyi yurydychnyi visnyk - Carpathian Legal Gazette, 3(9), 26-29 [in Ukrainian]
Zabolotna, M. R. (2020). Henetychnyi material yak obiekt reproduktyvnykh pravovidnosyn [Genetic material as an object of reproductive legal relations]. Pryvatne pravo v sferi okhorony zdorovia: vyklyky ta perspektyvy. Kyivski pravovi chytannia. Materialy mizhn. nauk.-prakt. konf. Kyiv, 17 ver. 2020 r. / vidp. red. R. A. Maidanyk. - Private law in the field of health care: challenges and prospects. Kyiv legal readings. Materials of international science and practice conf. Kyiv, September 17, 2020 / ed. R. A. Maydanik. Lviv: BF Medicine and Law, 89-93 [in Ukrainian]