The concept of convalidation of invalid deeds in the civil law of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2023.03.084Keywords:
invalidation of an invalid deed, invalid deed, null deed, disputed deed, method of protectionAbstract
The article examines the concept of «convalidation» of invalid deeds as a mechanism of «healing» of invalid deeds, which is an important element for the functioning of contractual legal relations. It is noted that the «convalidation» of an invalid deeds is the «healing», «revival» of the deed, which was later recognized as invalid, with the amount of rights and/or obligations that existed at the time of its execution. Also, the author points out that the procedure for convalidation a valid deed, which due to certain circumstances or the presence of certain deficiencies, was declared invalid (disputed, null) can be called a deed validation. The division of invalid deeds into invalid ones leads to a distinction between the convalidation of absolutely invalid deeds and the convalidation of relatively invalid deeds. Both the application of «absolute convalidation» of invalid deeds and the application of «relative connvalidation» of invalid deeds require taking into account the following signs: the presence of defects in the composition of the subject, the form of the transaction, the content of the transaction, will. At the same time, the author proposes the application of the procedure of convalidation of an invalid deed as part of the quatter approach, if there are appropriate grounds and prerequisites under which it is possible to use this particular instrument. In conclusion, the author considers that the convalidation of invalid deeds as a procedure and as a mechanism should be interpreted as giving legal force to an invalid deed from the moment of its execution, taking into account the requirements set forth in Article 203 of the Civil Code of Ukraine.
The relevance of scientific research is determined by the imperfection of the legal field in the issue of convalidation of invalid deeds, the need to find mechanisms for the protection of contractual legal relations and, in the context of the recodification of civil legislation, the need to make additions to the current regulatory legal acts.
The purpose of the scientific article is the analysis of scientific works, legislation and judicial practice to study the concept of «convalidation» of an invalid deed.
As a result of the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that the convalidation of an invalid deed consists in the elimination of defects in its subject composition, form, content, expression of will, in order to restore and heal the deed with the onset of real, legitimate consequences for the participants and other interested parties. The issue of convalidation of invalid deeds by recognizing them as valid deserves special attention in the updated Civil Code of Ukraine by separating the latter into independent norms: as a legal procedure, mechanism and as a way of protecting civil rights and interests of participants in legal relations.
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