Legal aspects of remote work in modern realities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2023.01.060Keywords:
right to work, employee, employer, remote work, guarantees of labor rights, protection of workers' rights, martial lawAbstract
The article defines the features of remote work in modern realities. The mechanism for the implementation of remote work is a new challenge of the time, so the study of this form of employment is quite relevant in relation to the context of regulating labor relations in the context of the emergence of crisis conditions in the state and society, as well as taking into account the rapid development of innovative technologies and digitalization. One of the main advantages is the opportunity to continue to work and maintain the economic balance and competitiveness of our country.
Attention is drawn to the fact that remote work requires not only the improvement of digital experience in the labor industry, but also additional protection of the labor rights of each person - this leads to problems and forms vectors for further research. It is characterized that remote work creates risks of reducing the social protection and social security of workers, which is unacceptable, because the features of modern labor demonstrate a change in the traditional limits of labor, the role of the individual qualities and competencies of the employee is increasing.
The international experience of remote work in such countries as Great Britain, Belgium, Italy has been studied. Remote work at the legislative level has somewhat eased the situation, but in some cases has led to additional questions for both employees and employers. Workers need to receive special training for the transition to remote work, as there is a need to make sure that such a person can effectively carry out his work in this format.
It is considered that remote work during martial law reflects the dual aspects of the subjects of labor law. Problems are identified: protection of confidential information, safety of the employee and his family members and the equipment entrusted to him, accounting of working time and rest time of the employee; application of disciplinary measures for absenteeism.
References
Konstytutsiia Ukrainy: zi zminamy ta dopovnenniamy: (pryjniata na p'iatij sesii Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 28 chervnia 1996 r.) Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 1996. № 30. St. 141[The Constitution of Ukraine: with amendments and additions: (adopted at the fifth session of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on June 28, 1996) Gazette of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 1996. №. 30. Art. 141.] [in Ukrainian].
Kodeks zakoniv pro pratsiu Ukrainy: Zakon Ukrainy vid 10.12.1971 № 322-VIII. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/lavs/shov/322-08#Tekht [Labor Code of Ukraine: Law of Ukraine dated 10.12.1971 № 322-VIII.] (data zvernennia: 19.02.2023) [in Ukrainian].
Pro orhanizatsiiu trudovykh vidnosyn v umovakh voiennoho stanu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 15 bereznia 2022 roku № 2136-IKh. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/lavs/shov/2136-20#Tekht (data zvernennia 18.02.2023) [On the organization of labor relations under martial law: Law of Ukraine dated March 15, 2022 № 2136-IX.] [in Ukrainian].
Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy, spriamovanykh na zabezpechennia dodatkovykh sotsial'nykh ta ekonomichnykh harantij u zv'iazku z poshyrenniam koronavirusnoi khvoroby (TsOVID-19): Zakon Ukrainy vid 30.03.2020 r. №o540-IKh. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/lavs/shov/540-20#Tekht (data zvernennia: 18.02.2023) [On amendments to certain legislative acts of Ukraine aimed at providing additional social and economic guarantees in connection with the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Law of Ukraine dated March 30, 2020 № o540-IX] [in Ukrainian].
Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy schodo udoskonalennia pravovoho rehuliuvannia dystantsijnoi, nadomnoi roboty ta roboty iz zastosuvanniam hnuchkoho rezhymu robochoho chasu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 4 liutoho 2021 roku № 1213-IKh. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy. 2021. № 20. St. 178. (data zvernennia: 18.02.2023) [On amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on improving the legal regulation of remote, home work and work with the use of flexible working hours: Law of Ukraine dated February 4, 2021 No. 1213-IX. Gazette of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. 2021. № 20. Art. 178.] [in Ukrainian].
Mel'nychuk O.F., Mel'nychuk M.O., Pavlichenko I.M. Pravove rehuliuvannia ta osoblyvosti zastosuvannia dystantsijnoi roboty v umovakh voiennoho stanu. Naukovyj visnyk Uzhhorods'koho Natsional'noho Universytetu. 2022. № 70. S. 242-247 [Melnichuk O. F., Melnichuk M. A., Pavlichenko I. M. Legal regulation and features of the use of remote work under martial law. Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod National University. 2022. № 70. S. 242-247.] [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.37
Lutsenko O.Ye. Dystantsijna robota: dosvid Velykobrytanii. Pravo i suspil'stvo. 2022. № 4. S. 221-226 [Lutsenko O. E. Remote work: the experience of Great Britain. Law and society. 2022. №4. pp. 221-226] [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.32842/2078-3736/2022.4.32
Luniak M. Trudove zakonodavstvo dlia viddalenykh pratsivnykiv – normy, iaki mohly b staty efektyvnymy. URL: https://freelantsehunt.tsom/blog/trudovie-zakonodavstvo-dlia-viddalienikh-pratsivnikiv-normi-iaki-mogli-b-stati-iefiektivnimi/ (data zvernennia: 18.02.2023) [Lunyak M. Labor legislation for remote workers - norms that could become effective] [in Ukrainian].
Haraschenko L.P., Haraschenko V.V. Dystantsijna pratsia v YeS: aspekty pravovoho rehuliuvannia. Yurydychnyj visnyk. 2018. № 4 (49). S. 132-139 [Garashchenko L.P., Garashchenko V.V. Remote work in the EU: aspects of legal regulation. Legal Bulletin. 2018. № 4 (49). pp. 132-139] [in Ukrainian].
Luchyk, S., and V. Luchyk. Dystantsijna pratsia: problemy motyvatsii. Atsta Atsademiae Beregsasiensis. Etsonomitss (2022). URL: https://aab-etsonomitss.kmf.uz.ua/aabe/artitsle/viev/6/4. (data zvernennia: 18.02.2023) [Luchik, S., and V. Luchik. «Remote work: problems of motivation» Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis. Economics (2022)] [in Ukrainian].
Robota dlia VPO: koho shukaiut' robotodavtsi. URL: https://vvv.epravda.tsom.ua/tsolumns/2023/01/23/696249/ (data zvernennia: 19.02.2023) [ Work for IDPs: who are employers looking for] [in Ukrainian].
Ukraina 2030E-kraina z rozvynutoiu tsyfrovoiu ekonomikoiu. URL: https://strategy.uifuture.org/kraina-z-rozvinutoiu-tsifrovoiu-ekonomikoiu.html#6-2-10 (data zvernennia: 19.02.2023) [Ukraine 2030 is a country with a developed digital economy] [in Ukrainian].
