EU-Ukraine relations in the field of foreign, security and migration policy in the period of the russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2024.03.060Keywords:
EU foreign and security policy, migration policy, refugee status, temporary protection, aggressor countryAbstract
The article provides a detailed analysis of Ukraine’s relations with the EU in the field of foreign, security and migration policy during the period of Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
It has been established that one of the most effective measures is the imposition of sanctions, including a ban on the import of certain goods, restrictions on access to credit and other measures that contribute to the weakening of the Putin regime. Equally important is the introduction of tough restrictive measures against countries that actively cooperate with the aggressor country. The authors focus on the need for the EU to increase its overall defence capabilities in view of new challenges and threats.
The study has shown that the legal aspect of temporary protection and refugee status is complex and requires a careful approach. Innovations in legislation aimed at facilitating administrative procedures and improving conditions for refugees are a step in the right direction. However, it is important to constantly adapt these mechanisms to real needs and ensure their effectiveness.
The authors conclude that it is difficult to predict future decisions of the EU and its member states on temporary protection and refugee status for Ukrainians, as it depends on many factors, such as the political situation, humanitarian circumstances and internal policies of the host countries. The article outlines some possible scenarios for solving these problems, which include the extension of temporary protection; granting refugee status; diplomatic agreements and cooperation; evacuation and humanitarian programmes, etc.
References
Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe. A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign And Security Policy. Retrieved from https://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/top_stories/pdf/eugs_review_web.pdf [in English].
Dorosh, L. (2023). Evolyutsiya normatyvno-pravovoho zabezpechennya bezpeky YES: poshuk ta vyznachennya klyuchovykh priorytetiv [The Evolution of the EU’s Legal and Regulatory Framework for Security: Search and Identification of Key Priorities.]. Visnyk Lvivskoho universytetu. Seriya filos.-politoloh. Studiyi - Bulletin of Lviv University. Series of philosophical and political studies, 46, 262-270 [in Ukrainian].
Zavada, Ya. I. & Sino, I. A. (2022). Spilna polityka bezpeky i oborony YeS na suchasnomu etapi: osnovni perspektyvy i zahrozy [Common Security and Defence Policy of the EU at the Present Stage: Main Perspectives and Threats]. Politykus: naukovyy zhurnal - Politikus: scientific journal, 3, 71-76 [in Ukrainian]
Uhoda pro asotsiatsiyu mizh Ukrayinoyu, z odniyeyi storony, ta Yevropeyskym Soyuzom, Yevropeyskym spivtovarystvom z atomnoyi enerhiyi i yikhnimy derzhavamy-chlenamy, z inshoyi storony vid 27 chervnya 2014 roku № 984_11 [Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, of 27 June 2014, No. 984_11]. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/984_011#Text [in Ukrainian]
Koznova O. Rada YeS ukhvalyla 14-y paket sanktsiy proty rf [The EU Council adopted the 14th package of sanctions against Russia]. Retrieved from https://biz.ligazakon.net/news/228655_rada-s-ukhvalila-14-y-paket-sanktsy-proti-rf [in Ukrainian]
European Council conclusions on Ukraine, the Middle East and Türkiye, 17 April 2024. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/04/18/european-council-conclusions-on-ukraine-and-turkiye/ [in English]
European Council conclusions on Ukraine, security and defence, Middle East, enlargement and reforms, migration, preparedness and crisis response, and European Semester. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/70815/sn00008-en24.pdf [in English]
Dohovir pro Yevropeyskyy Soyuz [Treaty on European Union]. Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_b06#Text [in Ukrainian]
A Világ Magyar Szemmel. Külpolitikai attitűdök Magyarországon 2024-ben. Budapest, 2024. 87 ol. Retrieved from https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/21348.pdf [in Hungarica]
Hungary, not Poland, does business with Russia says Polish deputy FM. Retrieved from https://www.pap.pl/en/news/hungary-not-poland-does-business-russia-says-polish-deputy-fm [in English]
Joint Security Commitments between Ukraine and the European Union. Retrieved from https://www.president.gov.ua/en/news/spilni-bezpekovi-zobovyazannya-mizh-ukrayinoyu-ta-yevropejsk-91801 [in English]
Instrument Ukraine Facility. Pidtrymka vidnovlennya ta vidbudovy Ukrayiny ta yiyi shlyakhu do chlenstva v YeS [Ukraine Facility. Supporting the recovery and reconstruction of Ukraine and its path to EU membership]. Retrieved from https://eu-solidarity-ukraine.ec.europa.eu/eu-assistance-ukraine/ukraine-facility_uk#:~:text=%C2%ABUkraine%20Facility%C2%BB%20%E2%80%94%20%D1%86%D0%B5%20%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9,%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%83%20%D0%B4%D0%BE%2050%20%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2%20%D1%94%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE [in Ukrainian]
EUAM Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.euam-ukraine.eu/ua/our-mission/about-us/ [in English]
Politseyski Ternopilshchyny prodovzhuyut vprovadzhuvaty systemu zakhystu prav lyudyny [Police in Ternopil region continue to implement human rights protection system]. Retrieved from https://www.euam-ukraine.eu/ua/news/ternopil-police-continues-to-advance-human-rights-system/ [in Ukrainian]
Za finansovoyi pidtrymky Niderlandiv KMYES zapuskaye masshtabnyy proyekt, spryamovanyy na pidtrymku stabilizatsiyi na deokupovanykh terytoriyakh Ukrayiny [EUAM launches a large-scale project with financial support from the Netherlands to support stabilisation in the de-occupied territories of Ukraine]. Retrieved from https://www.euam-ukraine.eu/ua/news/euam-ukraine-launches-major-dutch-funded-project-to-support-stabilisation-of-ukraine-s-liberated-territories/ [in Ukrainian]
Realiyi pryfrontovoho rehionu: predstavnyky KMYES vidvidaly byuro sudovo-medychnoyi ekspertyzy u Dnipri [Realities of the frontline region: EUAM representatives visit the forensic bureau in Dnipro]. Retrieved from https://www.euam-ukraine.eu/ua/news/a-glimpse-into-the-front-line-euam-ukraine-s-visit-to-dnipro-s-forensic-medicine-bureau/# [in Ukrainian]
4.1 million people under temporary protection in July. URL: https:// ec.europa.eu/eurostat/en/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240910-1 [in English]
Dyrektyva Rady 2001/55/YES vid 20.07.2001 r. pro minimalni standarty dlya nadannya tymchasovoho zakhystu u razi masovoho naplyvu peremishchenykh osib ta pro zakhody, shcho spryyayut zbalansovanosti zusyl mizh derzhavamy-chlenamy shchodo pryyomu takykh osib ta vidpovidalnosti za naslidky takoho pryyomu [Council Directive 2001/55/EC of 20 July 2001 on minimum standards for granting temporary protection in the event of mass influxes of displaced persons and on measures promoting a balance of efforts between Member States in taking in such persons and bearing the consequences of such reception]. Retrieved from https://court.gov.ua/userfiles/media/new_folder_for_uploads/supreme/war/Direkt_ES_2001_55. pdf [in Ukrainian]
Levandovski, K. M. (2022) Tymchasovyy zakhyst ta status bizhentsya v konteksti ukrayinskoyi kryzy [Levandowski K. M. Temporary protection and refugee status in the context of the Ukrainian crisis]. Naukovyy visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Ser.: Yurysprudentsiya - Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanitarian University. Ser: Jurisprudence, 55, 88-93 [in Ukrainian]
Tymchasovyy zakhyst/status bizhentsya chy lehalne perebuvannya 90 dniv? Posolstvo Ukrayiny v Respublitsi Polshcha [Temporary protection/refugee status or legal stay for 90 days? Embassy of Ukraine in the Republic of Poland.]. Retrieved from https://poland.mfa.gov.ua/konsulski-pitannya/informaciya-dlya-gromadyan-ukrayini-yaki-pribuli-do-polshchi-ryatuyuchis-vid-vijni/timchasovij-zahist-chi-status-bizhencya [in Ukrainian]
Kashchavtseva, K. (2022). Yak Nimechchyna pryymaye bizhentsiv z Ukrayiny 2022: pravyla ta umovy. In-formatsiyne ahent·stvo UNIAN [How Germany accepts refugees from Ukraine in 2022: rules and conditions. UNIAN news agency]. Retrieved from https://www.unian.ua/world/status-bizhencya-v-nimechchini-dlya-ukrajinciv-2022-osnovni-polozhennya-novini-svitu-11745154.html#id-164125410 [in Ukrainian]
Chuyenko, V. I. (2023). Pravove rehulyuvannya statusu bizhentsiv v Yevropeyskomu Soyuzi: suchasnyy stan ta perspektyvy rozvytku [Legal regulation of refugee status in the European Union: current state and prospects for development]: monohrafiya. Kharkiv, 284 [ in Ukrainian]
Yevrokomisiya proponuye prodovzhyty zakhyst ukrayintsiv u YeS do 2026 [The European Commission proposes to extend the protection of Ukrainians in the EU until 2026]. URL: https://www.dw.com/uk/evrokomisia-proponue-podovziti-zahist-ukrainciv-u-es-do-2026/a-69331076 [in Ukrainian]