Organizations of the executive authority in modern European countries

Abstract

Contemporary societal challenges, now more than ever, necessitate a comprehensive and consistent approach to their resolution. Tasks of this nature are duly entrusted to centralized executive authorities, which are legitimized and designated to address issues across various societal spheres. The state organization of the executive branch implements legislation and administers a wide range of public matters. In view of its objectives, its organization must correspond to the trends of societal development. If the executive power is overly bureaucratic, the speed of its decision-making will not align with the pace of societal change. Conversely, if the authority exhibits anarchic characteristics, its decisions will be ineffective, and a noticeable lack of attention will be evident. Maintaining this balance requires the proper organization of executive power.

The optimization of the executive branch and the enhancement of the quality of interaction between the structural elements of its organization are paramount for improving the efficiency of its functioning and decision-making processes. However, to achieve this, it is necessary to precisely define the actual positions of the entities involved. Such a step will allow for the identification of their advantages and strengths on the one hand, and their shortcomings on the other.

Considering the aforementioned, the proposed research is dedicated to one of the aspects of the organization of executive power, namely its subject-based composition, upon which the effectiveness of its functioning depends. The objective of this study is to analyze the subject-based organization of executive power in various European countries. These countries include Moldova, Romania, Poland, France, and others. The subject of the analysis encompasses such aspects of functioning as the method of appointment, requirements for officials, the organizational structure of central bodies, and the distinction between political positions and civil service positions. The methodological basis of this scientific inquiry is the method of analysis, aimed at examining contemporary legislation and the functioning of the executive branch. This is complemented by the comparative legal method, which is used to compare the subjective composition of the executive power, as well as the formal-legal method to ascertain the legal status of specific entities. Other general scientific methods were also utilized in the course of this research. The conducted research will make it possible to identify common patterns across different countries, draw a single trend line, and highlight potential aspects for improving the work of the relevant authorities.