The subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/Keywords:
property rights, servitude, limited property rights, civil legal relations, contract, legal transaction, obligation, terms of the contract, essential terms of the contract, subject matter of the contract, causaAbstract
The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that a clear and unambiguous definition of the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude is a key element for the stability of such civil legal relations. At the same time, despite the existence of numerous scholarly studies, the doctrine demonstrates a plurality of approaches to defining the subject matter of a contract, which complicates its practical application and the correct interpretation of essential terms, particularly in the context of unnamed contracts, where the law does not provide a standardized model for formulating the subject matter. Furthermore, scholarly efforts to define the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude in the context of the recodification of Ukrainian civil legislation make this research especially relevant and in demand.
The aim of the study is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude and to determine the optimal approach to its formulation as an essential term of the contract.
The study employed formal-logical, systemic, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction methods, which allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude.
It is concluded that the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude plays a key role as an essential term, as it individualizes the legal relationship and determines its legal characteristics. It is argued that the traditional approach, which understands the subject matter of a contract solely as a material asset, does not fully reveal the essence of contractual relations, particularly in the context of establishing a servitude. Instead, a more convincing approach is that the subject matter of the contract should be defined as an action or a set of actions performed by the parties aimed at achieving the legally significant purpose (causa) of the contract. In this context, the subject matter of a contract for establishing a servitude constitutes a set of actions (and/or omissions) aimed at creating and ensuring the exercise of the right of limited use of another’s property in accordance with the purpose of the contract, namely, to enable the authorized person to satisfy their needs through the use of another’s property within the specified limits.
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