Establishment of the institute of mediation in the Visegrad Group countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2021.01.019Keywords:
alternative dispute resolution, mediation, mediation implementation, mediator, association of mediators, mediation in the Visegrad Group countries.Abstract
In Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland, the development of alternative dispute resolution and the first attempts at mediation took place in the early 1990s, and the legal framework and organizations providing mediation services are still in place. As the process of institutionalization of the mediation procedure is still ongoing in Ukraine, it is important to analyze the experience of other countries in implementing mediation in their legal systems. The aim of the article is to analyze the process of formation of the mediation institution in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary.
The article describes the role of international partners in the development of the mediation institution in the Visegrad Group, in particular the international organization Partners for Democratic Change, which facilitated the establishment of mediation centers in the countries, conducted training campaigns and assisted in pilot mediation projects. In addition, the contribution of mediation centers and professional associations of mediators in the development of mediation and its promotion in society was noted.
The article examines the main legal acts adopted by states to regulate the mediation procedure in various fields. For example, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, and Hungary have regulated the mediation process, the status of mediator, the rights and obligations of the parties in certain laws, while in Poland amendments have been made to procedural codes and by-laws regulating certain procedural issues.
As a result of the study, several conditional stages of introduction of mediation into the legal systems of countries were identified: spreading the idea of alternative methods of resolving disputes in society, the introduction of pilot mediation projects, creation of professional associations and mediation centers, adoption of regulations. Prerequisites for implementation were: an information campaign to promote mediation services among the population, proper theoretical and practical training of mediators by professional institutions, the creation of a legal basis for the development of the institution of mediation.
References
Papšo, P. (2016). Mediation in Slovakia. Mediation and Probation and Mediation Service in Slovakia, Czech Republic and other countries / red. Jusko, P., & Papšo, P., London, 12-36 [in English].
Historia Polskiego Centrum Mediacji: web-strona [Web-site History of the Polish Mediation Center]. Retrieved from https://mediator.org.pl/Polskie_Centrum_Mediacji/6/index.html [in Polish].
Ładziak, P. Historia mediacji w Polsce – zarys – History of mediation in Poland – outline. Retrieved from http://bialapodlaska.sr.gov.pl [in Polish].
Revesz, J. Mediation without Trust: Critique of the Hungarian Mediation Law. Retrieved from https://www.mediate.com/articles/reveszJ1.cfm [in English].
Herczog, M. (2005). Chance of victim-offender mediation in Hungary. Victim-Offender Mediation with Youth Offenders in Europe / red. Mestitz, A., Ghetti, S., (pp. 259-273). Dordrecht [in English]. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3879-8_12
Asociace mediátorů České republiky: webová stránka [Web-site Association of Mediators of the Czech Republic]. Retrieved from http://www.amcr.cz/o-asociaci/#cil2 [in Czech].
Stanovy Asociace mediátorů České republiky [Statutes of the Association of Mediators of the Czech Republic]. Retrieved from http://www.amcr.cz/dokumenty/ [in Czech].
Kwadrans, Ł. & Vanková, K. (2015). Mediacja w prawie cywilnym w Republice Słowackiej [Mediation in civil law in the Slovak Republic]. Probacja – Probation, 4, 111-130 [in Polish].
Asociácie mediátorov Slovenska [Association of Mediators of Slovakia]. Retrieved from www.amssk.sk [in Slovak].
Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. – Kodeks karny [The Act of 6 June 1997. – Criminal Code]. Retrieved from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=wdu19970880553 [in Polish].
Ustawa z dnia 6 czerwca 1997 r. - Kodeks postępowania karnego [The Act of June 6, 1997 – Code of Criminal Procedure]. Retrieved from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU19970890555 [in Polish].
Rozporządzenie Ministra Sprawiedliwości z dnia 7 maja 2015 r. w sprawie postępowania mediacyjnego w sprawach karnych [Regulation of the Minister of Justice of 7 May 2015 on mediation in criminal matters]. Retrieved from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20150000716 [in Polish].
Zákon č. 257/2000 Sb. ze dne 14 července 2000 r. o probační a mediační službĕ a o změně zákona č. 2/1969 Sb., o zřízení ministerstev a jiných ústředních orgánů státní správy České republiky, ve znění pozdějších předpisů, zákona č. 65/1965 Sb., zákoník práce, ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a zákona č. 359/1999 Sb., o sociálně-právní ochraně dětí [Act No. 257/2000 Coll. of 14 July 2000 on the Probation and Mediation Service and on the Amendment of Act No. 2/1969 Coll., on the Establishment of Ministries and Other Central Bodies of the State Administration of the Czech Republic, as amended, Act No. 65/1965 Coll., the Labor Code, as amended, and Act No. 359/1999 Coll., on the social and legal protection of children]. Retrieved from https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2000-257 [in Czech].
Zákon NR SR č. 550/2003 z 28 októbra 2003 r. o probačných a mediačných úradníkoch a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov [Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic no. 550/2003 of 28 October 2003 on Probation and Mediation Officers and on Amendments to Certain Acts]. Retrieved from https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2003/550/20190801 [in Slovak]. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060308691739
Vanková, K. & Kwadrans, Ł. (2015). Rozwój instytucji probacji i mediacji w Republice Słowackiej w odniesieniu do doświadczeń wybranych krajów europejskich [Development of probation and mediation institutions in the Slovak Republic in relation to the experiences of selected European countries]. Dylematy i wyzwania współczesnej resocjalizacji – Dilemmas and challenges of contemporary social rehabilitation / red. Sawicki, K., Ćwikowski, R., & Chańko, A., (pp. 83-96). Białystok [in Polish].
A büntetőeljárásról szóló 1998. évi XIX. törvény módosításáról 2006. évi LI. törvény [Act XIX of 1998 on Criminal Procedure amending Act LI of 2006 law]. Retrieved from https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0600051.tv&mahu=1 [in Hungarian].
A büntető ügyekben alkalmazható közvetítői tevékenységről 2006. évi CXXIII. törvény [Act CXXIII of 2006 on mediation in criminal matters law]. Retrieved from http://mediaciokonyv.hu/jogszabalyok/2006-evi-cxxiii-torveny-a-bunteto-ugyekben-alkalmazhato-kozvetitoi-tevekenysegrol/ [in Hungarian].
A fogyasztóvédelemről szóló 1997. évi CLV. törvény [Act CLV of 1997 on consumer protection law]. Retrieved from http://mediaciokonyv.hu/jogszabalyok/1997-evi-clv-torveny-a-fogyasztovedelemrol/ [in Hungarian].
Az egészségügyi közvetítői eljárásról 2000. évi CXVI. törvény [Act CXVI of 2000 on the Health Mediation Procedure law]. Retrieved from http://mediaciokonyv.hu/jogszabalyok/2000-evi-cxvi-torveny-az-egeszsegugyi-kozvetitoi-eljarasrol [in Hungarian].
A mediáció szerepe a polgári eljárásban [The role of mediation in civil proceedings]. Retrieved from https://birosag.hu/ [in Hungarian].
A közvetítői tevékenységről 2002. évi LV. törvény [The LV Act of 2002 on intermediation activity law]. Retrieved from http://mediaciokonyv.hu/jogszabalyok/2002-evi-lv-torveny-a-kozvetitoi-tevekenysegrol/ [in Hungarian].
Zákon NR SR č. 420/2004 Z.z. z 25 júna 2004 r. o mediácii a o doplnení niektorých zákonov [Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic no. 420/2004 Coll. of 25 June 2004 on Mediation and on Amendments to Certain Laws]. Retrieved from https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/2004/420/20190101#predpis.clanok-6 [in Slovak].
Holá, L. & Urbanová, M. (2018). Institucionalizace mediace. Jak daleko jsme došli? [Institutionalization of mediation. How far have we come?]. Mediace 2017: Sborník odborných statí z mezinárodní vědecké konference Mediace 2017, konané v Olomouci ve dnech 27.–28. října 2017 - Mediace 2017: Proceedings of professional articles from the international scientific conference Mediace 2017, held in Olomouc on 27-28. October 2017/ red. Černý M. Olomouc [in Czech].
Zákon č. 202/2012 Sb. ze dne 2 května 2012 r. o mediaci a o změně některých zákonů [Act No. 202/2012 Coll. of 2 May 2012 on mediation and amending certain laws]. Retrieved from https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/2012-202#cast1 [in Czech].
Zákon č. 85/1996 Sb. ze dne 13 března 1996 r. o advokacii [Act No. 85/1996 Coll. of 13 March 1996 on advocacy]. Retrieved from https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1996-85 [in Czech]. https://doi.org/10.1002/pf.41219961309
Ustawa z dnia 28 lipca 2005 r. o zmianie ustawy – Kodeks postępowania cywilnego oraz niektórych innych ustaw [The Act of 28 July 2005 amending the Act – Code of Civil Procedure and some other acts]. Retrieved from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20051571316 [in Polish].
Ustawa z dnia 17 listopada 1964 r. - Kodeks postępowania cywilnego [The Act of November 17, 1964 – Civil Procedure Code]. Retrieved from http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id= [in Polish].
