Legal regulation of mediation in european law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2019.04.022Keywords:
mediation, Council of Europe, recommendation, European Union, directive, access to justice, mediatorAbstract
The European vector of movement of Ukraine requires harmonization of law-making activity, if not at the normative level, then at least at the axiological level, i.e. the unification of values is necessary. As the process of mediation is still not regulated by law in Ukraine, a study of the regulation of the institution of mediation in European law is relevant and necessary.
The purpose of the article is the theoretical substantiation of the basic normative acts of the Council of Europe and the European Union in the sphere of legal regulation of the mediation procedure and the need for their implementation in national law.
The main legal instruments used by the Council of Europe are the recommendations. The recommendations are issued by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe and have no formal binding force but they are the constitute sources of soft law. Nevertheless, in practice the recommendations have a significant impact on the creation and application of national law.
The initiative to promote the dissemination of alternative dispute resolutions in the European Union originated at a European Council meeting in Tampere on 15-16th October 1999. For example, the European Council has set a new aim, which is to create and harmonize the legal instruments that would enable the development of the level of freedom, security and justice.
The implementation of mediation in the legal culture of European countries became an extremely significant step in the development of civil society, as mediation promoted the awareness and acceptance of citizens’ responsibility for the powers delegated to them by the state. Despite significant advances in the field of mediation, the international organizations continue to work on improving legal regulation and promoting the idea of mediation.
References
Rekomendatsiia R (81) 7 Komitetu ministriv derzhavam-chlenam stosovno shliakhiv polehshennia dostupu do pravosuddia № R(81)7 vid 14.05.1981 roku [Recommendation R (81) 7 of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on ways to facilitate access to justice] (1981, May 14). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_133 [in Ukrainian].
Wach, A. (2005). Alternatywne formy rozstrzygania sporow sportowych [Alternative forms of resolving sports disputes]. Warszawa [in Poland].
Rekomendatsiia N 6 R (87) 18 Komitetu ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam-chlenam “Stosovno sproshchennia kryminalnoho pravosuddia” № 6R(87)18 vid 17.09.1987 roku [Recommendation N 6 R (87) 18 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to the Member States, “On the simplification of criminal justice”] (1987, September 17). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/main/994_339 [in Ukrainian].
Rekomendatsiia N R (99) 19 Komitetu ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam - chlenam Rady, yaki zatsikavleni v orhanizatsii mediatsii u kryminalnykh spravakh № R(99)19 vid 15.09.1999 roku [Recommendation N R (99) 19 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to the member States of the Council which are interested in the organization of mediation in criminal matters] (1999, September 15). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/main/994_828 [in Ukrainian].
Woicik, D. (1998). Znaczenie mediacii w prawie karnym [The importance of mediation in criminal law]. Jurysta – Jurist. 10-11, 39. [in Poland].
Gmurzynska, E. & Morek. R. (2018). Mediaciia: teoria i praktyka [Mediation: theory and practice]. Warszawa: Wolters Kluwer Polska [in Poland].
Rekomendatsiia № R (98) 1 Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam-chlenam shchodo mediatsii v simeinykh spravakh № R (98) 1 vid 21.01.1998 roku [Recommendation No. R (98) 1 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States on mediation in family matters] (1998, January 21). Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/R_98_1_1998_01_21%20(2).pdf [in Ukrainian].
Goiska, A. & Huryn, V. (2007). Mediaciia w rozwiazywaniu konfliktiw rodzinnych [Mediation in solving family conflicts]. Warszawa [in Poland].
Rekomendatsiia Rec (2001) 9 Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam-chlenam shchodo alternatyv sudovomu rozghliadu sporiv mizh administratyvnymy orhanamy y storonamy – pryvatnymy osobamy [Recommendation Rec (2001) 9 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States on alternatives to litigation between administrative authorities and private parties] (2001, September 5). Retrieved from : file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Rec_ 2001_9_2001_09_05.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Rekomendatsiia Rec (2002) 10 Komitetu Ministriv Rady Yevropy derzhavam-chlenam shchodo mediatsii v tsyvilnykh spravakh № Rec (2002) 10 vid 18.09.2002 roku [Recommendation Rec (2002) 10 of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe to Member States on mediation in civil matters] (2002, September 18). Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Rec_2002_10_2002_09_18_1.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Evropeiskyi kodeks povedenyia dlia medyatorov [European Code of Conduct for Mediators]. (2004, June 2). Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/evropejskij-kodeks-povedenija-dlja-mediatorov.pdf [in Russian].
Kalisz, A. & Prokop-Perzyńska, E. (2010). Mediacia w sprawach cywilnych w prawie polskim i europejskim. [Mediacia in civil matters in Polish and European law.]. EPS. 11. 16-22. [in Poland].
Dyrektyva 2008/52/ES Yevropeiskoho parlamentu i Rady pro deiaki aspekty mediatsii u tsyvilnykh ta komertsiinykh spravakh [Directive 2008/52 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters] (2008, May 21). Retrieved from http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_a95 [in Ukrainian].
PayPal Dispute resolution process. Retrieved from https://www.paypal.com/us/webapps/mpp/security/seller-dispute-resolution [in English].
Directive 2013/11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) № 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Directive on consumer ADR). Retrieved from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri =OJ:L:2013:165:0063:0079:EN:PDF [in English].
