Abduction of a child by one looking for parents, problems of qualifying a crime and responsibility for such actions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2021.01.114Keywords:
abduction of a child by one of the parents, procedure of child removal, legal residence of the child, family lawAbstract
The article examines the gaps in the legislation of Ukraine regarding the qualification of the crime of abduction of a child by one of the parents and the execution of a court decision on the removal of a child in case of his refusal to return to his legal place of residence. Possible means for prevention and effective response to cases of imbalance of interests between parents regarding the place of residence of a joint child are identified. The experience of foreign states and the norms of international documents on responsibility for the abduction of a child are analyzed. The necessity of legislative regulation of this problem is studied and the consequences of ignoring it are covered.
In Ukraine there is no culture of civilized divorce and joint custody, it often comes to upsetting the balance of interests between parents, they take a selfish position, in which the child suffers primarily, which becomes a "bargaining chip" and a means of mutual parental revenge. Ignoring the need for a clear and effective legal solution to this issue leads to a decrease in the birth rate, and as a consequence, to the aging of the Ukrainian nation.
References
Valuyeva, N. O., Kravchuk, M. O. & Polyakova, K. A. (2015). Pytannya povernennya dumky dytyny pid chas vyrishennya pytan, shcho stosuyutsya yii zhyttya [The question of taking into account the views of the child when addressing issues related to his life]. Visnyk AMSU. Seriia: «Pravo» – Bulletin AMSU. Law, 1 (14), 91–94 [in Ukrainian].
Deklaratsiya prav dytyny Heneralnoyi Asambleyi OON [Declaration of the Rights of the Child of the UN General Assembly] (20.11.1959). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_384#Text [in Ukrainian].
Konventsiya pro tsyvilno-pravovi aspekty mizhnarodnoho vykradennya ditey [Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction] (29.04.2011). Retrieved from https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_28838 [in Ukrainian].
Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukraine [Criminal Code Ukraine]. (25.09.2019). Kyiv: vyd-vo PALYVODA [in Ukrainian].
Mizhnarodna konventsiya pro zakhyst usikh osib vid nasylnytskykh znyknen [International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance] (17.06.2015). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_l54#Text [in Ukrainian].
Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrayiny «Poryadok provadzhennya orhanamy opiky ta pikluvannya diyalnosti, povyazanoyi iz zakhystom prav dytyny» № 866 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine «Procedure for Carrying Out Activities Related to the Protection of the Rights of the Child by Bodies of Guardianship and Custody»] (24.09.2008) № 866. Retrieved from https://www.kmu.gov.ua/npas/162001537 [in Ukrainian].
Simeynyy kodeks Ukrayiny: chynne zakonodavstvo zi zminamy ta dopov. [Family Code of Ukraine] (02.12.2020). Retrieved from https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2947-14#Text [in Ukrainian].
Snizhko, M. B. Dosvid vykonannya Ministerstvom Yustytsiyi Ukrayiny Konventsiyi pro tsyvilno-pravovi aspekty mizhnarodnoho vykradennya ditey 1980 r. ta praktyka rozhlyadu takykh sprav sudamy Ukrayiny [Experience of implementation by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine of the Convention on Civil Law Aspects of International Child Abduction of 1980 and the practice of consideration of such cases by the courts of Ukraine]. Retrieved from https://minjust.gov.ua/m/str_36450 [in Ukrainian].
Proyekt Zakonu Ukrayiny «Pro vnesennya zmin do deyakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrayiny shchodo vyznachennya mistsya prozhyvannya dytyny v bezspirnomu poryadku» № 4154 [Draft Law of Ukraine «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Determination of the Place of Residence of a Child in an Indisputable Order»] (25.09.2020). Retrieved from https://www.kmu.gov.ua/bills/proekt-zakonu-pro-vnesennya-zmin-do-deyakikh-zakonodavchikh-aktiv-ukraini-shchodo-viznachennya-mistsya-prozhivannya-ditini-v-bezspirnomu-poryadku [in Ukrainian].
Kohm, L. M. (2008). Tracing the Foundations of the Best Interest of the Child Standard in American Jurisprudence. Journal of Law and Family Studies, 10 (2), 40 [in English]. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1957143