The judge as a representative of God in the Bible and Ukraine in national legislation: theological and legal comparative studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2025.01.018Keywords:
court, judge, the principles of justice, the Holy Bible, God as the Supreme Judge, Ukraine as a legal state, comparative studiesAbstract
The article provides a comparative analysis of the status of a judge according to the Bible and Ukrainian legislation in several main areas: the judge’s representation of the highest legal idea, the status of the judge itself, the importance of the main legal principles in the administration of justice.
In the first aspect of the question, God as the Supreme Judge and Ukraine as a sovereign and independent, democratic, social, legal state were considered. They personify in their own planes the ideal and guarantee of justice for people. This is an intermediate point of analysis that characterizes the very legal nature of the court. In the second direction of the analysis, it was researched how the status of the judge correlates with the mentioned ideal of justice when granting powers and their direct implementation. It is proven that when exercising his powers, the judge represents God (according to the Bible) or Ukraine (according to the legislation of Ukraine), which was the central question of the comparative study. The main distinction of a judge is the very possibility of justice, and the indirect signs of a judge are symbols. In the third direction of the research, the existence of the basic principles of the administration of justice, enshrined in the Bible and the Constitution of Ukraine, was analyzed. In particular, it was established that biblical principles are identical to modern ones, which testifies to the persistence of legal doctrine throughout history. They are comparable to Divine Law and the Constitution of Ukraine as an achievement of Ukraine as a legal state, and therefore they are perfect, because they proceed from a legal ideal.
The similarity of the legal status of the judge in the administration of justice has been established in all areas of research, which means the durability of judicial legal opinion throughout history. The sole difference is emphasized in the fact that in the context of the Old and New Testaments, the judicial power is still understood as the personification of higher guidance, but the character of others: in the Old Testament – God, in the New Testament – the state without attachment to God.
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