The separate aspects of investigation the illegal enrichment in Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2023.01.221Keywords:
enrichment, criminal offense, responsibility, counteraction, self-interest, corruptionAbstract
The article examines the interpretation peculiarities of the illicit enrichment in Ukrainian legislation, one of the most common crimes in modern criminology in many countries of the world, but due to its volatility, it is difficult to identify, and therefore, for the prevention of the crime, it is necessary to develop the comprehensive approach with the using of legislative instruments in combination with management tools. Due to the high level of possibility to cover this type of crime up, it is necessary to apply not only for methods of combating illicit enrichment, but also to minimize the reasons that act as the incentive to commit it.
The study emphasizes the definition of the term illicit enrichment as the illegal acquisition by an official of assets whose value exceeds legitimate income, the origin of which could not be rationally justified, which has been amended and supplemented by wording throughout the process of its criminalization due to a number of discrepancies with the basic state law. The author identifies the signs by which this type of crime can be identified, namely, the presence of a preliminary intent, the increase in the value of tangible assets which does not correspond to official income, and the absence of the reasonable explanation of the origin of assets. The author considers the expediency of including this phenomenon as a component of the criminal code terminology and a type of criminal offense, as well as establishing a clear distinction between illicit enrichment and other types of corruption crimes. Considerable attention is paid to the choice of methods of punishment for the acquisition of assets whose value contradicts the legitimate income, as well as to certain problematic issues related to the improvement of criminal liability for illicit enrichment.
In addition, the author has analyzed the results of the introduction of the institution of recognizing unjustified assets and their recovery into the State's revenue as an effective means of returning illegally acquired assets and an effective way to counteract the illicit enrichment.
References
Staite, N. (2021). Illicit Enrichment: Worth How Much?! [Illicit Enrichment: Worth How Much?!]. Retrieved from https://www.streamhouse.org/illicit-enrichment-worth-how-much/ [in English]
Bezghynskyi, B. (2021). Obiekt skladu kryminalnoho pravoporushennia nezakonnoho zbahachennia [The object of criminal offence content of enrichment]. Novitni kryminalno-pravovi doslidzhennia – Latest criminal legal studies. Аlmanakh naukovykh prats / za red. prof. Ye.L. Streltsova, prof. O.V. Kozachenka, PhD O.M. Musychenko. Mykolaiv: MIP NU “OIuA”, 152-158. Retrieved from http://dspace.onua.edu.ua/handle/11300/17599 [in Ukrainian]
Holovach, M., Bem, M. (2021). Zbahachennia pid chas derzhavnoi sluzhby. Yurydychna hazeta online [Law magazine online]. Retrieved from https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/kriminalne-pravo-ta-proces/zbagachennya-pid-chas-derzhavnoyi-sluzhbi.html [in Ukrainian]
Instytut vyznannia aktyviv neobgruntovanymy abo tsyvilna konfiskatsiia. Online law school. Retrieved from https://onlinelawschool.pro/civilconfiscation [in Ukrainian]
Kyrychko, V. M. (2016). Zakonodavchyi virus v systemi KK Ukrainy: vyznachennia i aktualizatsiia problemy na prykladi st. 368-2 KK “nezakonne zbahachennia” [The legislative virus in Ukrainian Criminal Code system: definition and actualization of the problem using the example of Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code “illegal enrichment”]. Problemy zakonnosti – The legality problems, 33, 142-151 [in Ukrainian] https://doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.133.70893
Nashi hroshi [Our money] (2021). Retrieved from https://nashigroshi.org/2021/07/22/operatsiia-sadzhaty-budemo-provalylas-vyrokiv-za-koruptsiiu-stalo-menshe-i-vony-pom-iakshaly/ [in Ukrainian]
Nezakonne zbahachennia [Illegal enrichment]. Stattia 368-5 KK. Zakonodavstvo.com – legislation.com. Retrieved from https://xn--80aagahqwyibe8an.com/zakon-ukrajiny/stattya-368-nezakonne.html [in Ukrainian]
Nezakonne zbahachennia. Yaka vidpovidalnist? [Illegal enrichment] (2019) Retrieved from https://od.dsp.gov.ua/bez-rubryky/nezakonne-zbahachennia-iaka-vidpovidal/ [in Ukrainian]
Ovcharov, D. (2019). Nezakonne zbahachennia: yak pratsiuvatyme nova norma Kryminalnoho kodeksu [Illegal enrichment. How will the new rule of Criminal code work?] Mind. Retrieved from https://mind.ua/openmind/20204085-nezakonne-zbagachennya-yak-pracyuvatime-nova-norma-kriminalnogo-kodeksu [in Ukrainian]
Prava, svobody ta oboviazky liudyny i hromadianyna. [Rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen. st. 62. rozdil II. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy]. Retrieved from https://www.president.gov.ua/ua/documents/constitution/ konstituciya-ukrayini-rozdil-ii [in Ukrainian]
Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakykh zakonodavchykh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo konfiskatsii nezakonnykh aktyviv osib, upovnovazhenykh na vykonannia funktsii derzhavy abo mistsevoho samovriaduvannia, i pokarannia za nabuttia takykh aktyviv – On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Confiscation of Illegal Assets of Persons Authorized to Perform State or Local Government Functions and Punishment for Acquisition of Such Assets. Zakon Ukrainy vid 31 zhovtnia 2019, 263-IKh. Retrieved from https://ips.ligazakon.net/document/T190263 [in Ukrainian]
Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy shchodo vidpovidnosti Konstytutsii Ukrainy (konstytutsiinosti) statti 368-2 Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy – Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine on the compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine (constitutionality) of Article 368-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. 26.02.2019, 1-p/2019. Retrieved from https://ccu.gov.ua/sites/default/files/docs/1_p_2019.pdf [in Ukrainian]
