Law enforcement agencies: issues of terminology and system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2020.02.065Keywords:
law enforcement agencies, human rights agencies, security forces, law enforcement activities, functions, tasksAbstract
The article focuses on the absence of a proper normative definition of the term «law enforcement agencies» in Ukraine. The legal analysis of the definitions concept was conducted that are enshrined in legislation and developed by domestic scientists.
There was noted that mostly domestic scientists in defining the concept of ‘law enforcement agencies’ primarily focus on the authorities that form the system of law enforcement agencies as well as on the functions they perform.
There was stated that in order to clear understanding of the essence concept of «law enforcement agencies» it is necessary to distinguish correctly it from such relevant concepts as «law enforcement system», «law enforcement», «state law enforcement service»,«law enforcement», «criminal justice», etc. There was admitted that the concepts of «law enforcement agencies» and «law enforcement agencies» are related as generic and species.
It was grounded that the idea of referring the court to the law enforcement system contradicts the content and priority of the judiciary – the administration of justice.
In the context of the study the essence of the concept of «law enforcement agencies»revealed the content and functions of these authorities.
Two definitions were proposed: «law enforcement» and «law enforcement system». Law enforcement agencies are public authorities by functional criteria were aimed at the professional implementation of law enforcement activities to ensure the rule of law and order, protection of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, rights and legitimate interests of legal entities, the interests of society and the state from unlawful encroachments.
It was noted that in Ukraine law enforcement agencies often undergo certain changes related to their tasks, functions, organizational structure, powers, etc. Therefore, we do not consider it appropriate to disclose the meaning of the definition of «law enforcement system» by listing the subjects of law enforcement.
«Law enforcement system» is a holistic, hierarchical, structured set of interconnected and interacting law enforcement agencies, by functional criteria aimed at the professional implementation of law enforcement in order to ensure the rule of law and order, protection of rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals, rights and legitimate interests of legal entities, the interests of society and the state from unlawful encroachments.
References
Hirych, V. (2013). Do problemy bazovykh ponyat u konteksti reformuvannya pravookhoronnykh orhaniv. Analitychna zapyska [On The Problem Of Defining Basic Concepts In The Context Of Law Enforcement Reform. Analytical Note]. Natsionalnyy instytut stratehichnykh pytan – National Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved from www.niss.gov.ua/artikles/1153/ [in Ukrainian].
Tatsiy, V. (2012). Ponyattya ta systema pravookhoronnykh orhaniv: u konteksti systemnykh zmin do Konstytutsiyi Ukrayiny [The Concept And System Of Of Law Enforcement Agencies, In Terms Of Systematic Changes To The Constitution Of Ukraine]. Zahalni problemy pravovoyi nauky – General problems of legal science, 4 [71], 3-17 [in Ukrainian].
Kulish, A. M. (2007). Orhanizatsiyno-pravovi zasady funktsionuvannya pravookhoronnoyi systemy Ukrayiny [Organizational And Legal Principles Of Functioning Of The Law Enforcement System Of Ukraine]: monohrafiya : u 2 ch. Sumskyy derzhavnyy universytet. Sumy: Vyd-vo Sum DU, CH. I, 221 [in Ukrainian].
Yarmysh, N. (2016). Zmist terminu «orhany pravoporyadku», vykorystanoho u stattyi 131-1 Konstytutsiyi Ukrayiny [Meaning Of Notion «Law Enforcement Agencies», Used In Article 131-1 Constitution Of Ukraine]. Visnyk Natsionalnoyi akademiyi prokuratury Ukrayiny – Bulletin of the National Academy of the Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine, 4 (46), 79-84 [in Ukrainian].
Gutsenko, K. F., Kovalev, M. A. (1999). Pravookhronitelnyye orhany [Law Enforcement Agencies]. Moska: Yurid. Lit. [in Russian].
Zahumenna, Yu. O. (2010). Pravookhoronni orhany : ponattya, oznaky, funktsiyi, osoblyvosti diyalnosty [Law Enforcement Agencies: Notion, Features, Functions, Peculiarities Of Activity]. Pravo i bespeka – Law and security, 3 (35), 145-150 [in Ukrainian].
Pikulya, T. O. (2004). Pravookhoronni orhany v mekhanizmi derzhavy Ukrayiny (teoretyko-pravovi pytannya funktsionuvannya) [Law Enforcement Agencies In The Mechanism Of The State Of Ukraine (theoretical and legal issues of functioning)]: dys. kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01, K., 203 [in Ukrainian].
Pivnenko, V. (2003). Pravookhoronna systema Ukrayiny : vyznachennya i funktsionuvannya [Law Enforcement System Of Ukraine : Definition And Functioning]. Visnyk prokuratury - Bulletin of the prosecutor's office, 2, 39-45 [in Ukrainian].
Osadchyy, V. I. (1997). Pravookhoronni orhany yak subyekty kryminalno-pravovoho zakhystu [Law Enforcement Agencies As Subjects Of Criminal Law Protection]. Pravo Ukrayiny – Law of Ukraine, 11, 71-75 [in Ukrainian].
Korystin, O. Ye. (2016). Profesiyna osvita politseyskoho : v yakomu napryamku rukhatys? [Professional Education Of A Police Officer: In Which Direction To Move?]. Holos Ukrayiny – Voice of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://politrada.com/news/profes-yna-osv-ta-pol-tseyskogo-vyakomu-napryamku-rukhatis/ [in Ukrainian].
Zakon Ukrayiny «Pro derzhavnyy zakhyst pratsivnykiv sudu ta pravookhoronnykh orhaniv» vid 04 liutoho 1994 roku. № 3925-KHII [The Law of Ukraine «On State Protection of Employees of Courts and Law Enforcement Bodies» of February 4, 1994 Х 3925-ХІІ]. Ofitsiynyy sayt Verkhovnoyi Rady Ukrayiny. Retrieved from www.zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=3781-12 [in Ukrainian].
Lytvynenko, V. I. (2015). Ponyattya ta klasyfikatsiya zavdan pravookhoronnykh orhaniv yak subyektiv protydiyi koruptsiyi v Ukrayini [Definition And Classification Of Law Enforcement Tasks As Subjects Of Anti-Corruption In Ukraine]. Naukovi pratsi NU OYUA – Scientific works of NU OYUA, 418-424 [in Ukrainian].
Belyaev, V. P. (2004). Kontrol kak forma yurydycheskoy deyatelnosty y harantyya zakonnosty [Control As A Form Of Legal Activity And A Guarantee Of Legality]. Pravo i polytyka – Law and politics, 2, 9-19 [in Russian].
Denysyuk, S. F. (2009). Hromadskyy kontrol diyalnosti pravookhoronnykh orhaniv: realiyi sohodennya [Public Control Over The Activities Of Law Enforcement Agencies: The Realities Of Today]. Derzhavne upravlinnya ta mistseve samovryaduvannya : tezy IX Mizhnarodnoho naukovoho konhresu (m. Kharkiv, 26-27 berezn. 2009 r.) – Public Administration and Local Self-Government: Abstracts Of The IX International Scientific Congress (Kharkiv, March 26-27, 2009). Kharkiv: Mahistr, 66-67 [in Ukrainian].
