Procedural peculiarities of recognition as valid a voidable transaction made in violation of the mandatory notarial form
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/app2024.01.277Keywords:
transaction, contract, invalid transaction, voidable transaction, convalidation of an invalid transaction, disputed transaction, notarisation of a transaction, notarial protection, notary, court, court proceedings, claim, remedies, restore a violated rightAbstract
Relevance of the research topic. The problem of invalid transactions is an important component of private law, as its solution is aimed at preventing violations of civil rights and legitimate interests, as well as at restoring their legitimacy. Recognition of an invalid transaction as valid is an effective tool for protecting civil rights and helps to establish justice in private legal relations. The study of this topic is of particular interest due to the need for proper legal regulation of the mechanism for recognition an invalid transaction and a contract as valid, especially in the context of the problem of compliance with formal requirements for concluding contracts.
The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the lack of comprehensive doctrinal studies of the specifics of the procedural mechanism for recognition an invalid transaction and a contract as valid, and this necessitated this study. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyse the procedure for recognition an invalid transaction as valid, and to disclose the procedural aspects related to the recognition of a notarised transaction as valid.
Results of the research. This article examines the issue of convalidation of void transactions and contracts in the context of civil law of Ukraine, in particular, those concluded without observance of the notarial form. It is noted that the Civil Code of Ukraine provides for the possibility of convalidation of such transactions, contributing to the protection of civil rights and interests of participants to private legal relations. The author analyses the procedure of convalidation in accordance with Articles 219 and 220 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, as well as the impact of case law on the resolution of cases on convalidation. It is noted that evasion of notarisation may have objective reasons, but courts should pay attention to the circumstances of the conclusion and execution of the contract when deciding such cases. It is established that courts are limited to claims and cannot independently verify the compliance of a transaction with the law without a corresponding claim or petition from the parties. In addition, a final court decision on the validity of a transaction becomes binding on the parties and is not subject to review until it is cancelled on appeal or on the basis of newly discovered circumstances.
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