Emancipation and compensation for damage caused by an emancipated person, under the civil legislation of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/Keywords:
emancipation, emancipated person, incomplete civil capacity, full civil capacity, civil legislation, court, judicial practice, damage, compensation for damage, losses, moral damage, civil liability, individual, minor, adultAbstract
The scientific publication is devoted to the study of the institution of emancipation and compensation for damage caused by an emancipated person under the civil legislation of Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the presence of a number of shortcomings in the legal regulation of emancipation, the lack of clear criteria for distinguishing civil liability of emancipated and non-emancipated minors, as well as the need to improve the legislative provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine in the context of recodification processes in the field of private law.
The purpose of the article is to study emancipation and compensation for damage caused by an emancipated person under the civil legislation of Ukraine based on the analysis of doctrinal sources and judicial practice.
When writing the scientific article, both general scientific and special legal methods of scientific knowledge were used, including: philosophical-dialectical method, comparative legal method, systemic method, method of legal analysis, dialectical method, method of legal forecasting, modeling method.
The article analyzes the legal nature of emancipation as an institution for early acquisition of full civil capacity, examines the grounds for emancipation under the current legislation of Ukraine, and identifies conflicts and gaps in the procedural mechanisms for granting full civil capacity to minors. The legal regulation of emancipation under the legislation of certain European countries, in particular France, Germany, and the Netherlands, is studied, which allowed us to identify a variety of legislative approaches to regulating this institution. Particular attention is paid to the study of compensation for damage caused by an emancipated person. The need to differentiate the liability of parents, adoptive parents, or guardians is substantiated, depending on the method of granting emancipation and the presence of their consent to the acquisition of full civil capacity by minors. It is proved that emancipation without the consent of legal representatives should exclude their subsidiary liability for damage caused by the emancipated person. Conceptual directions of systemic modernization of legislative regulation of the institution of emancipation are proposed, including structural reform of Article 35 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, supplementing the norms of tort liability with provisions on the exemption of legal representatives from subsidiary liability in certain cases. The results of the study have both theoretical and practical significance for improving the civil and civil procedural legislation of Ukraine, the formation of a unified law enforcement practice in cases of emancipation and compensation for damage caused by emancipated persons.
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